Andreas Hofer Tribute [andreas-hofer.info]

Timeline

Hofer Letter

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Image: Hofer led to execution.

1678 Nov - Kaspar Hofer, the grand-grandfather of Andreas Hofer, marries Magdalena Ennemoser.
1680 Mar 12 - Kaspar Hofer purchases the Sandwirt-Inn property from his father-in-law, Jakob Ennemoser.
1723 - Josef Hofer, Andreas Hofer's father, is born.
1767 Nov 22 - Andreas Hofer is born at St Leonhard in Passeyrthale.
1769 - Napoleon Bonaparte born at Ajaccio, Corsica
1771 - Anna Hofer, Andreas Hofer's sister, is married to Josef Griener. (Not sure if she was the only or the oldest of three daughters.) According to Lousia Muhlbach, Hofer's farewell letter was written to his brother-in-law. If Anna was Hofer's only married sister, this would imply that the letter was possibly passed down to the children of Josef & Anna Griener. On the other hand, the letter that we have only uses the word "brother" and at one point the salutation "Mr. Pichle" so even if the letter remained with the family of the original recipient, it is not entirely clear who that individual was.
1774 - Josef Hofer, father of Andreas Hofer, dies.
1788 Jan 06 - Francis von Habsburg marries Elisabeth of Württemberg.
1788 Jul 21 - Andreas Hofer is married to Anna Ladurner vom Plonerhof
1789 - French Revolution
1790 Aug 15 - Francis von Habsburg marries Maria Theresa of the Two Sicilies with whom he had twelve children, including his successor Ferdinand I and the daughter that he married off to Napoleon, Marie-Louise.
1792 - France declares war on Austria, Prussia and Sardinia.
1794 - Andreas Hofer's only son, Johann, is born. He will eventually father 15 children.
1796 - Hofer starts service in the Austrian militia against the French.
1797 - Napoleon defeats Austrians at Rivoli, captures Mantua and advances through Tirol to Vienna
1799 - Austria declares war on France. Battles at Stockach, Magnano and Zurich are won by Austria. Battle at Bergenop-Zoom won by the French.
1800 - French defeat Austrians at Biberach, Hochstadt and Hohenlinden. Napoleon conquers Italy.
1801 - Peace of Luneville between Austria and France.
1802 - Johann Simon Haspinger joins the Capuchin Order at Eppan.
1804 - Napoleon proclaimed emperor
1805 - Austria defeated by Napoleon and lost Tyrol to Bavaria in the Peace of Pressburg (Bavaria allied itself with Napoleon in the war). Hofer ends service in the Austrian militia against the French.
1805 Sep 01 - Johann Simon (Joachim) Haspinger is ordained as a priest.
1806 Aug 06 - The Holy Roman Empire is disbanded.
1808 - Archduke John draws up plans to establish a national guard (Landwehr) in the hereditary and Bohemians lands. Hofer, as part of a group, traveled to Vienna to meet with archduke John.
1808 Jan 06 - Francis von Habsburg marries Maria Ludovika of Austria-Este.
1809 Apr 11 - Tyrolians, lead by Hofer, rose in rebellion against Bavarian rule. The rebels overwhelmingly defeated the Bavarian military at Sterzing.
1809 Apr 15 - Archduke John’s army of Italy advances against Napoleon's army under commander Eugene. Austrian forces commanded by Frimont capture Eugene’s garrisons in Fontana-Fredda in the evening.
1809 Apr 16 - Ignoring orders from Napoleon to pull back into a defensive position, Eugene attempted to gather his forces at Sacile and lauch an attack against the Austrians. However, after Archduke John launched an attack against Eugene's weak left wing and threatened to cut the French forces off from Sacile, Eugene ordered a retreat. Altogether, the French lost about 6,500 (either killed or captured) and 15 guns in contrast to the 4,000 lost by the Austrians. More importantly, an Austrian army was victorious against the French for the first time since 1800.
1809 Apr 18 - The Archduke Charles suffers a loss at Hausen.
1809 Apr 19 - The Archduke Charles suffers a loss at Teugen.
1809 Apr 20 - Archduke Ludwig is defeated by Napoleon at Abensberg.
1809 Apr 21 - Napoleon is victorious at Landshut against Austria under the command of Hiller.
1809 Apr 22 - Archduke Charles is defeated at the Battle of Eggmühl (or Eckmühl).
1809 Apr 23 - Archduke Charles is defeated at Ratisbon (Regensberg). Napoleon is wounded in the battle.
1809 May 03 - The Austrians, under Hiller's command, lose the battle of Ebersberg.
1809 May 12 - Napoleon defeated the Austrians at Ratisbon and Landshut, and entered into Vienna.
1809 May 22 - Napoleon is forced to retreat from Aspern-Essling to the Lobau Island, loosing 21,000 troops and one of his top generals (Marshal Lannes) - the first defeat Napoleon suffered since 1799.
1809 May 25 - After a reconquer of Innsbruck by the French and Bavarians, Hofer again defeated the Bravarians at Iselberg and reconquered Innsbruck.
1809 May 29 - The Austrian emperor Francis promises that Tyrol will not be separated from Austria again. Second defeat of the Bravarians by Hofer at Iselberg.
1809 May 31 - Joseph Haydn dies.
1809 Jun 14 - Austrian forces commanded by the archdukes John and Palatine (of Hungary) lost battle at Raab against the Viceroy of Italy, an ally of France. While initially successful at forcing a retreat of the French infantry that was attacking across a river, the enemy found a ford south of the battlefield that allowed their cavalry to cross and defeat the irregular (insurrectionary) forces that compromised the left wing of the Austrian army. The quick collapse of this wing as well as the threat of encirclement forced Archduke John to retreat. The result was the collapse of the Hungarian Insurrection supporting Austria and freed the south bank of the Danube of Austrian control.
1809 Jun 23 - Josef Speckbacher begins a siege of the castle of Kufstein.
1809 Jul 05/06 - French victory at the Battle of Wagram.
1809 Jul 08 - An Austrians, under the command of Kienmayer, are victorious at the Battle of Gefrees.
1809 Jul 10 - Archduke Charles' forces are defeated again (as they are retreating from Wagram) at the Battle of Znaim.
1809 Jul 12 - Archduke Charles concludes armistice with Napoleon at Znaym. (Hostilities to be suspended till Aug 20 with Austria evacuating Tyrol, Styria, & Carinthia.)
1809 Jul 16 - Josef Speckbacher completes the siege of the castle of Kufstein.
1809 Aug 13/14 - The Tyrolians are victorious against the French once again at the Battle of Mount Isel. Hofer is elected as the ruler of Tyrol.
1809 Sep 25 - Josef Speckbacher is victorious against French and Bavarian forces at Lofer.
1809 Oct 03 - Emperor Francis bestows a medal of honour upon Hofer for his bravery against the French (delivered to Hofer in Innspruck by Sieberer, Frischmann and Eisenstecken).
1809 Oct 14 - Austria signs the Peace of Schönbrunn betraying the Tyrolian rebellion again.
1809 Oct 16 - Josef Speckbacher is routed at Melleck.
1809 Oct 19 - Ratification of the Treaty of Schoenbruenn.
1809 Oct 25 - The Viceroy of Italy offers peace to the Tyrolese.
1809 Oct 29 - The crown prince Louis of Bavaria makes his triumphal entry into Innspruck after a four day battle on Mount Isel and near the Judenstein.
1809 Nov 01 - At the 4th Battle of Mount Isel, the Tyrolians are defeated.
1809 Nov 08 - Hofer surrendered based on an amnesty clause in the Peace of Schoenbrunn: "Against Napoleons invincible power we cannot continue the war. Completely abandoned by Austria we would have exposed ourselves to irreparable misery. I cannot command you anymore without guaranteeing further disaster and inevitable catastrophy."
1809 Nov 12 - Hofer attempted one last time to call for a revolt and thereby sacrificed his amnesty. The call to arms failed this time and Hofer escapes into the mountains.
1809 Dec - Before the middle of December all resistance in Tyrol is overpowered.
1810 Jan 10 - Marriage of Napoleon and Josephine is annulled.
1810 Jan 21 - One of Hofer's neighbors, Joseph Raffel the 'Judas Iscariot,' betrays him and Hofer is captured by Italian troops.
1810 Feb 11 - Napoleon marries Marie-Louise of Austria.
1810 Feb 15 - Anthony Wallner dies at the Vienna city hospital after escaping from Tyrol.
1810 Feb 19 - A military tribunal at Mantua conveens and a direct order from Napoleon ensures that Hofer is sentenced death.
1810 Feb 20 - Andreas Hofer, at the age of 42, is executed by firing squad.
1810 Mar 14 - Josef Speckbacher is severely injured by an avalanche while in hiding in the Voldertal mountains.
1811 - Austria is bankrupt.
1812 - Napoleon invades Russia.
1813 - Prussia and Austria declare war on France.
1814 - Tyrol is transferred from Bavaria to Austria at the Congress of Vienna. Thus the prophecy Andreas Hofer claimed before his execution, that the "Tyrol will be Austrian again" is fulfilled. Napoleon is banished to Elba.
1815 - Battle of Waterloo.
1816 Oct 29 - Francis von Habsburg marries Karoline Charlotte Auguste of Bavaria.
1818 - The patent of nobility is conferred upon Andreas Hofer and family.
1820 Mar 28 - Josef Speckbacher dies.
1821 - Napoleon dies at St. Helena.
1823 - Hofer's remains are transferred from Mantua to the Franciscan Church in Innsbruck.
1835 Mar 02 - Francis II (also referred to as Francis I von Habsburg or Emperor Franz I of Austria), son of Leopold II of Austria dies. He was the last Holy Roman Emperor and first Emperor of Austria.
1836 - Andreas Hofer's spouse (Anna) dies.
1847 - Archduke Charles dies.
1848 Jun 16 - Emperor Ferdinand issues an imperial manifesto (from Innsbruck) giving his "dear uncle" Archduke John full powers to open the Vienna parliament and to look after all matters requiring the emperor's attention until the emperor`s "personal health" enables him to return to Vienna.
1848 Jun 28 - Archduke John is elected Reichsverweser by the Frankfurt parliament.
1848 Dec - Ferdinand abdicates in favor of Francis Joseph.
1852 - Josef Speckbacher's remains transferred to Innsbruck to lay besides his friends, Haspinger & Hofer.
1858 Jan 12 - Johann Simon (Joachim) Haspinger dies in Salzburg.
1859 - Archduke John (John Baptist Joseph Fabian Sebastian von Habsburg), the younger brother of Francis I, dies.

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